Falls, burns, scalds, choking, suffocation, poisoning, drowning. Some may just need first aid and some will need urgent medical assistance.

Something that could cause harm eg. toys left on stairs are a trip hazard

Identifies if a product is unsuitable for a particular age group due to any component parts which may cause choking.

Shows that the item has been tested by the British Standards Institution and found to be safe.– used on products where safety is vital eg prams, car seats. Assures parents that product is safe and reliable.

Most important Toy label which means the toy complies with EU standards for safety.

Quality mark issued by the British Toy and Hobby Association. 95% of toys sold in the UK carry this label.

Aspects that must be explored for safety reasons e.g. the design must meet safety standards ECE Regulations and weight constraints.

Items of equipment that are used to feed a child aged 1-5, which could include, weaning bibs, trainer cups, cutlery.

Before conception / fertilisation / pregnancy

Methods used to prevent conception / fertilisation / pregnancy

The sperm ducts carrying sperm from the testes to the penis prior to ejaculation.

The neck of the uterus, located between the uterus and the vagina.

Guidelines issued by the Government to ensure that children have a balanced and healthy diet in order to give them the best start in their first few years. Eating patterns should involve a combination of foods from all five groups to ensure that all nutrient requirements are met.

The state of being seriously overweight, caused by poor diet and nutrition.

Health conditions caused by poor diet and nutrition, eg rickets, anaemia, kwashikor.

Eatwell plate The eatwell plate highlights the different types of food that make up our diet, and shows the proportions that we should eat them in to have a healthy, balanced diet

a disease of children caused by vitamin D deficiency, characterized by imperfect calcification, softening, and distortion of the bones typically resulting in bow legs.

a condition in which there is a deficiency of red cells or of haemoglobin in the blood, resulting in pallor and weariness.

These are key nutrients that children need in large amounts in their diet. They consist of protein needed for growth and repair, fat for insulation and warmth and carbohydrate for energy.

These are nutrients that children need in small amounts in their diet. They consist of vitamins, minerals and trace elements. These help the body to function efficiently and help prevent diseases.

Fibre is needed in the diet to help get rid of solid waste matter and promote a healthy digestive system and intestines. Children from a young age should be encouraged to eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables.

Water is essential for a child’s diet as it is found in all cells and tissues. It assists in controlling a baby’s/child’s body temperature and helps get rid of waste.

The breast is made up of 15-20 segments or lobes, each of which contains alveoli or cells which produce milk. Milk ducts drain from these cells to reservoirs in the area of the areola. The nipple has several openings through which the baby can obtain milk. Mature milk is present three days after the birth and hormonal changes cause the milk to be produced and the sucking of the baby stimulates a steady supply.

Infant formula is usually based on processed, skimmed cow’s milk. Added ingredients include vitamins, fatty acids and prebiotics (carbohydrates that can stimulate the growth of ‘good’ bacteria in the digestive system). You can see a full list of contents on the packaging for infant formula milk for babies.

Medical and non-medical methods to reduce or relieve labour pain

Substance blocking the cervical opening which comes away during the first stage of labour, often as a ‘bloody show’.

When forceps or a ventouse suction cup are used during birth to help with vaginal delivery.

A form of pain relief during labour which is given by an anaesthetist.

Where a tear or cut in the perineum (between the vagina and anus) is allowed to support a vaginal delivery then stitched after the birth.

Non-medical method used to support pain relief in labour.

Means the whole child, seeing that all of the different aspects of development interrelate to make each child a unique individual.

Skills that babies and children have mastered which are linked to age. The idea being that the child has reached a certain point in their development.

Gives a score to evaluate the physical condition of a newborn on assessment of their vital signs: Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration.

The soft spot found on top of the baby’s head.

Found on the skin of babies who arrive early. It is a fine layer of hair that usually disappears before the birth.

Refers to the growth of a child’s relationships with others.

It is the process of learning new skills.

Recognised stages in patterns of development.

The way in which the body increases in skill and complexity.

The use and development of the large muscle groups. Large movements involving the limbs. eg walking, kicking, running

The small muscles used in precise movements involving hand-eye co-ordination. Sometimes referred to as manipulative skills. Small movements involving the hands. eg pincer grip, fastening buttons, tying shoelaces

Used to plot the growth measurements (height and weight) of babies and children. This compares their growth to the standard norms to track their physical growth.

A yellow fluid (liquid) formed in the 12 days after conception to surround and protect the embryo and later the foetus

The medical care which is given to a woman during pregnancy

The point of fertilisation when an embryo starts to form and pregnancy begin

A scan which checks the physical development of the foetus and checks for 11 rare conditions

The fertilised egg developing in its mother’s womb up to the first eight weeks of pregnancy

A test which is used to discover what is wrong and whether a baby has a specific condition

Play which takes account of others actions within their play together.

Where children experiment with materials, music, imagination.

Developing the skills and abilities to be less dependent on others.

This involves children using their hands, for example to move, turn or screw things to make them fit.

Where a child pretends to do or be something. For example driving a car or being a nurse.

Play that involves the muscles and moving around, such as football or a climbing frame.

A severe allergic reaction and a life-threatening emergency.

Babies receive antibodies from the mother in the last 3 months of pregnancy and in the first few days of breast feeding (colostrum). They are proteins that can latch onto harmful viruses and bacteria making them ineffective.

You will need to know how they are spread, symptoms and treatment of common cold, tonsillitis, chickenpox, food poisoning, gastroenteritis, measles, mumps, rubella, whooping cough, scarlet fever, meningitis, asthma.

The time taken for symptoms to appear after initial contact with the bacteria or virus. It can range from 30 minute to 14 days depending upon the disease/ailment.

The process of watching accurately what is happening, e.g. watching how a child plays.

The process of recording accurately what is happening, eg how a child plays.

Ways of reducing the risk or likelihood of danger, for example using round ended safety scissors.

Items needed to facilitate a play activity.

The tubes joining the ovary to the uterus which carry the ovum.

Post means ‘after’ and natal means ‘birth’. So this term refers to the first few weeks after birth.

The lining of the uterus.

This may be present at birth. It is a white, greasy substance that covers the baby’s skin.